ABSTRACT
Abstract Eucalyptus species possess anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, and insecticidal properties. In this study, the chemical composition and biological activities of Eucalyptus cinerea essential oil (EO) and the leaf and stem anatomy were investigated. EO was extracted by Clevenger apparatus and the compounds were identified by GC/MS. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, and reducing phosphomolybdenum complex. Broth microdilution was used to determine antimicrobial activity. Cytotoxicity was verified against HeLa, HRT-18, and Calu-3 cells by MTT assay. The cytotoxic mechanism was studied by cell DNA content, cell cycle, and DNA fragmentation. The microscopic analyzes of the leaves and the stems were performed by light microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The main constituent of the EO was 1,8-cineole (55.24%). The EO showed low antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Calu-3 cells showed a significant reduction in viability with IC50 of 689.79 ± 29.34 μg/mL. EO at 1000 μg/mL decreased the DNA content in Jurkat cells. In general, EO increased cell percentage in sub-G0 and S phases with concomitant reduction of cell percentage in G0/G1 and G2/M phases and provided DNA fragmentation of 29.73%. Anatomical and micromorphological features of the leaves and stems can help in the species identification and its differentiation from other Eucalyptus species.
Subject(s)
Terpenes , Biological Phenomena , Oils, Volatile , Myrtaceae , MicroscopyABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate and select different dermatological bases incorporated with propolis for veterinary use as well as to analyze the chemical compounds of the propolis hydroalcoholic extract by LC-MS/MS. Thus, formulations were submitted to accelerated stability tests under different temperatures and to mechanical stress, and evaluated for the appearance, color, odor, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and the mean size of the dispersed globules from the internal phase during a period of three months. The creamy gel formulation showed satisfactory results for all the evaluated items with an excellent capability to incorporate the hydroalcoholic extract of propolis associated to the maintenance of its physicochemical properties. The propolis used in this study had been shown to possess antibacterial and antifungal in vitro activity against the main microorganisms responsible for such diseases. Therefore, the propolis creamy gel described here could be a promising formulation for use in the veterinary medicine.
ABSTRACT
No presente trabalho, avaliou-se a atividade anti-inflamatória do extrato hidroetanólico das folhas de Morus alba, através do modelo de indução de tecido granulomatoso e analisaram-se os efeitos toxicológicos sobre o fígado pela dosagem de AST e ALT e sobre o rim, pela dosagem de creatinina. O extrato hidroetanólico das folhas de M. alba foi administrado oralmente, três vezes ao dia, durante 6 dias. A nimesulida (5 mg/kg/dia) foi utilizada como controle positivo e o propilenoglicol 20% como controle negativo. Após o tratamento, foi avaliada a formação do granuloma e realizada a dosagem de AST, ALT e creatinina em todos os grupos. Os animais tratados com o extrato de M. alba apresentaram inibição do processo inflamatório de 20,24 ± 6,94%, enquanto que os tratados com controle positivo apresentaram 21,42 ± 6,52%. O extrato hidroetanólico de M. alba demonstrou atividade anti-inflamatória semelhante à nimesulida com ausência de indícios de hepatotoxicidade e nefrotoxicidade.
In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of a hydroethanolic extract of leaves of Morus alba (white mulberry) was assessed in a model of granulomatous tissue induction and the toxicological effects on the liver were analyzed by assaying AST and ALT, and those on the kidney by determining creatinine. The hydroethanolic leaf extract was administered orally three times a day six days. Nimesulide (5 mg /kg/day) was used as a positive control and 20% propylene glycol as a negative control. After the 6-day treatment, granuloma formation was assessed and the levels of AST, ALT and creatinine assayed in all groups. Animals treated with the extract showed inflammation inhibition of 20.24 ± 6.94%, while those treated with positive control showed 21.42 ± 6.52%. The hydroethanolic extract of M. alba thus exhibited anti-inflammatory activity similar to nimesulide, with an absence of hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Kidney , Liver , Morus/toxicity , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
O presente trabalho avaliou a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro do extrato hidroetanólico e frações hexânica, clorofórmica, acetato de etila e butanólica das folhas de Morus alba L. A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) foi determinada frente à Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus e Prothoteca zophii. As frações que apresentaram melhores respostas para a atividade antimicrobiana foram acetato de etila e clorofórmica com CIM de 256 ?g/mL. Não foi possível detectar atividade antimicrobiana para Aspergillus fumigatus em nenhuma das concentrações testadas. A citotoxidade do extrato hidroetanólico foi avaliada através de culturas de células de ovário de hamster chinês (CHO) e células do tecido conectivo de camundongo (NCTC) clone 929, determinando o índice de citotoxidade (IC50). O IC50 foi de 0,34 mg/mL para as células CHO e 3,24 mg/mL para as células NCTC 929. De modo geral, as frações acetato de etila e clorofórmica das folhas de M. alba L. apresentaram moderada atividade antimicrobiana e o extrato bruto demonstrou ação citotóxica in vitro frente as células CHO e NCTC 929.
This study evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of hydroethanolic extract and hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions from Morus alba L. leaves. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Prothoteca zophii. The fractions that better responded the antimicrobial activity were ethyl acetate and chloroform with CIM of 256 ?g/mL. It was unable to detect antimicrobial activity for Aspergillus fumigatus in the tested concentrations. The cytotoxicity of the hydroethanolic extract was evaluated by cell cultures of chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and connective tissue of mouse clone 929 (NCTC), determining the level of cytotoxicity (IC50). The IC50 obtained was 0.34 mg/mL for CHO and 3.24 mg/ml for NCTC 929 cells. In general, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions from M. alba L. leaves showed moderate antimicrobial activity and its extract presented in vitro cytotoxicity against CHO and NCTC 929 cells.